BISMARCK, N.D. - The economic contribution of the North Dakota University System (NDUS) on the state was an estimated at $3.71 billion in fiscal year 2023, which includes $2.83 billion from operational expenditures and $885.6 million from student spending, according to a recent report by North Dakota State University’s Center for Social Research  and the Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics. The economic contribution includes both direct and secondary effects.